Identity:

Fagus sylvatica, or, locally, Fagus orientalis, Fagus moesiaca, Fagus taurica, forests of the Romanian, Ukrainian and eastern Serbian Carpathians, east of the Uz and the Stry, and of the west Ukrainian pre-Carpathic hills and plateaux. Characteristic species include Symphytum cordatum, Cardamine glanduligera (Dentaria glandulosa), Hepatica transsilvanica, Pulmonaria rubra, Leucanthemum waldsteinii, Silene heuffelii, Ranunculus carpaticus, Euphorbia carniolica, Aconitum moldavicum, Saxifraga rotundifolia ssp. heuffelii, Primula elatior ssp. leucophylla, Hieracium rotundatum, Galium kitaibelianum, Moehringia pendula, Festuca drymeja.