Identity:

Forests or woods of sub-Mediterranean climate regions and supra-Mediterranean altitudinal levels, and of western Eurasian steppe and substeppe zones, in which deciduous or semideciduous thermophilous Quercus species, or sometimes Carpinus spp., Ostrya carpinifolia, share the main canopy with Pinus sylvestris, Pinus pallasiana, Pinus salzmannii, Pinus nigra, thermophilous pines, junipers or cypresses. They constitute pine-oak facies of thermophilous deciduous woodland (G1.7).